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Bootstrap 字体图标

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Bootstrap字体图标(Glyphicons)

本章将讲解字体图标(Glyphicons)，并通过一些实例了解它的使用。Bootstrap 捆绑了 200 多种字体格式的字形。首先让我们先来理解一下什么是字体图标。

什么是字体图标？

字体图标是在 Web 项目中使用的图标字体。虽然，Glyphicons Halflings 需要商业许可，但是您可以通过基于项目的 Bootstrap 来免费使用这些图标。

为了表示对图标作者的感谢，希望您在使用时加上 GLYPHICONS 网站的链接。

获取字体图标

我们已经在 环境安装 章节下载了 Bootstrap 3.x 版本，并理解了它的目录结构。在 fonts 文件夹内可以找到字体图标，它包含了下列这些文件：

相关的 CSS 规则写在 dist 文件夹内的 css 文件夹内的 bootstrap.css 和 bootstrap-min.css 文件上。

CSS 规则解释

下面的 CSS 规则构成 glyphicon class。 

@font-face {
  font-family: ‘Glyphicons Halflings‘;
  src: url(‘../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot‘);
  src: url(‘../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot?#iefix‘) format(‘embedded-opentype‘), url(‘../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff‘) format(‘woff‘), url(‘../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf‘) format(‘truetype‘), url(‘../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg#glyphicons_halflingsregular‘) format(‘svg‘);
}

.glyphicon {
  position: relative;
  top: 1px;
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: ‘Glyphicons Halflings‘;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: normal;
  line-height: 1;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

所以 font-face 规则实际上是在找到 glyphicons 地方声明 font-family 和位置。

.glyphicon class 声明一个从顶部偏移 1px 的相对位置，呈现为 inline-block，声明字体，规定 font-style 和 font-weight 为 normal，设置行高为 1。除此之外，使用 -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased 和 -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; 获得跨浏览器的一致性。

然后，这里的 

.glyphicon:empty {
  width: 1em;
}

是空的 glyphicon。

这里有 200 个 class，每个 class 针对一个图标。这些 class 的常见格式如下： 

.glyphicon-keyword:before {
  content: "hexvalue";
}

比如，使用的 user 图标，它的 class 如下： 

.glyphicon-user:before {
  content: "\e008";
}

用法

如需使用图标，只需要简单地使用下面的代码即可。请在图标和文本之间保留适当的空间。 

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span>

下面的实例演示了如何使用字体图标： 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <title>Bootstrap 实例 - 如何使用字体图标</title>
   <link href="/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
   <script src="/scripts/jquery.min.js"></script>
   <script src="/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<p>
   <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes"></span>
   </button>
   <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes-alt"></span>
   </button>
   <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order"></span>
   </button>
   <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt"></span>
   </button>
</p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">
  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">
  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">
  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>


</body>
</html>


结果如下所示：

如何使用字体图标

带有导航栏的字体图标 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>导航栏的字体图标</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- Bootstrap -->
    <link href="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <style>
    body {
    padding-top: 50px;
    padding-left: 50px;
    }
    </style>
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
      <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top navbar-inverse" role="navigation">
      <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a>
        </div>
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
            <li class="active"><a href="#"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-home">Home</span></a></li>
            <li><a href="#shop"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart">Shop</span></a></li>
            <li><a href="#support"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-headphones">Support</span></a></li>
          </ul>
        </div><!-- /.nav-collapse -->
      </div><!-- /.container -->
    </div>
    <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 插件需要引入) -->
    <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 包含了所有编译插件 -->
    <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/bootstrap/3.2.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>


定制字体图标

我们已经看到如何使用字体图标，接下来我们看看如何定制字体图标。

我们将以上面的实例开始，并通过改变字体尺寸、颜色和应用文本阴影来进行定制图标。

下面是开始的代码： 

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">
  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>


定制字体尺寸

通过增加或减少图标的字体尺寸，您可以让图标看起来更大或更小。 

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" style="font-size: 60px">
  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>

定制字体颜色 

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" style="color: rgb(212, 106, 64);">
  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>

应用文本阴影 

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" style="text-shadow: black 5px 3px 3px;">
  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>


图标列表

图标 类名
glyphicon glyphicon-asterisk
glyphicon glyphicon-plus
glyphicon glyphicon-minus
glyphicon glyphicon-euro
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud
glyphicon glyphicon-envelope
glyphicon glyphicon-pencil
glyphicon glyphicon-glass
glyphicon glyphicon-music
glyphicon glyphicon-search
glyphicon glyphicon-heart
glyphicon glyphicon-star
glyphicon glyphicon-star-empty
glyphicon glyphicon-user
glyphicon glyphicon-film
glyphicon glyphicon-th-large
glyphicon glyphicon-th
glyphicon glyphicon-th-list
glyphicon glyphicon-ok
glyphicon glyphicon-remove
glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in
glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-out
glyphicon glyphicon-off
glyphicon glyphicon-signal
glyphicon glyphicon-cog
glyphicon glyphicon-trash
glyphicon glyphicon-home
glyphicon glyphicon-file
glyphicon glyphicon-time
glyphicon glyphicon-road
glyphicon glyphicon-download-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-download
glyphicon glyphicon-upload
glyphicon glyphicon-inbox
glyphicon glyphicon-play-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-repeat
glyphicon glyphicon-refresh
glyphicon glyphicon-list-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-lock
glyphicon glyphicon-flag
glyphicon glyphicon-headphones
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-off
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-down
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-up
glyphicon glyphicon-qrcode
glyphicon glyphicon-barcode
glyphicon glyphicon-tag
glyphicon glyphicon-tags
glyphicon glyphicon-book
glyphicon glyphicon-bookmark
glyphicon glyphicon-print
glyphicon glyphicon-camera
glyphicon glyphicon-font
glyphicon glyphicon-bold
glyphicon glyphicon-italic
glyphicon glyphicon-text-height
glyphicon glyphicon-text-width
glyphicon glyphicon-align-left
glyphicon glyphicon-align-center
glyphicon glyphicon-align-right
glyphicon glyphicon-align-justify
glyphicon glyphicon-list
glyphicon glyphicon-indent-left
glyphicon glyphicon-indent-right
glyphicon glyphicon-facetime-video
glyphicon glyphicon-picture
glyphicon glyphicon-map-marker
glyphicon glyphicon-adjust
glyphicon glyphicon-tint
glyphicon glyphicon-edit
glyphicon glyphicon-share
glyphicon glyphicon-check
glyphicon glyphicon-move
glyphicon glyphicon-step-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-fast-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-play
glyphicon glyphicon-pause
glyphicon glyphicon-stop
glyphicon glyphicon-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-fast-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-step-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-eject
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right
glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-minus-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-remove-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-ok-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-screenshot
glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-ok-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-ban-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-left
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-right
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down
glyphicon glyphicon-share-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-full
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-small
glyphicon glyphicon-exclamation-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-gift
glyphicon glyphicon-leaf
glyphicon glyphicon-fire
glyphicon glyphicon-eye-open
glyphicon glyphicon-eye-close
glyphicon glyphicon-warning-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-plane
glyphicon glyphicon-calendar
glyphicon glyphicon-random
glyphicon glyphicon-comment
glyphicon glyphicon-magnet
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-up
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-down
glyphicon glyphicon-retweet
glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart
glyphicon glyphicon-folder-close
glyphicon glyphicon-folder-open
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-vertical
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-horizontal
glyphicon glyphicon-hdd
glyphicon glyphicon-bullhorn
glyphicon glyphicon-bell
glyphicon glyphicon-certificate
glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up
glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-right
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-left
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-up
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-down
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-up
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-down
glyphicon glyphicon-globe
glyphicon glyphicon-wrench
glyphicon glyphicon-tasks
glyphicon glyphicon-filter
glyphicon glyphicon-briefcase
glyphicon glyphicon-fullscreen
glyphicon glyphicon-dashboard
glyphicon glyphicon-paperclip
glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty
glyphicon glyphicon-link
glyphicon glyphicon-phone
glyphicon glyphicon-pushpin
glyphicon glyphicon-usd
glyphicon glyphicon-gbp
glyphicon glyphicon-sort
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-unchecked
glyphicon glyphicon-expand
glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-down
glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-up
glyphicon glyphicon-log-in
glyphicon glyphicon-flash
glyphicon glyphicon-log-out
glyphicon glyphicon-new-window
glyphicon glyphicon-record
glyphicon glyphicon-save
glyphicon glyphicon-open
glyphicon glyphicon-saved
glyphicon glyphicon-import
glyphicon glyphicon-export
glyphicon glyphicon-send
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-disk
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-saved
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-remove
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-save
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-open
glyphicon glyphicon-credit-card
glyphicon glyphicon-transfer
glyphicon glyphicon-cutlery
glyphicon glyphicon-header
glyphicon glyphicon-compressed
glyphicon glyphicon-earphone
glyphicon glyphicon-phone-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-tower
glyphicon glyphicon-stats
glyphicon glyphicon-sd-video
glyphicon glyphicon-hd-video
glyphicon glyphicon-subtitles
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-stereo
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-dolby
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-5-1
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-6-1
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-7-1
glyphicon glyphicon-copyright-mark
glyphicon glyphicon-registration-mark
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-download
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-upload
glyphicon glyphicon-tree-conifer
glyphicon glyphicon-tree-deciduous
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