Kubernetes环境Traefik部署与应用

时间：2021-09-13 19:40:18 收藏：0 阅读：60

本作品由Galen Suen采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可。由原作者转载自个人站点。

技术分享图片

概述

本文用于整理基于Kubernetes环境的Traefik部署与应用，实现Ingress Controller、七层/四层反向代理等功能。

本次演练环境为Kubernetes集群环境，环境配置可参考笔者另一篇笔记《Kubernetes集群部署笔记》。

组件版本

Traefik v2.5.1
Traefik Helm Chart v10.3.2

配置过程

安装Traefik

配置Helm Repo

helm repo add traefik https://helm.traefik.io/traefik
helm repo update

安装Traefik

本次演练中将traefik安装至kube-system命名空间，可根据需要替换。

# deployment.replicas=3 设置Traefik部署副本数
# pilot.dashboard=false 禁用Dashboard中Pilot链接。
helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system   --set deployment.replicas=3   --set pilot.dashboard=false   traefik traefik/traefik

其他准备工作

获取traefik服务的负载均衡器地址。执行该命令，记录返回的EXTERNAL-IP地址备用。本次演练环境中，已将local.choral.io和*.local.choral.io指向该地址。
```
kubectl get svc traefik -n kube-system
```
创建一个用于部署演练用对象的命名空间。本次演练中使用apps-choral命名空间，可根据需要替换。
```
kubectl create namespace apps-choral
```

部署Dashboard

创建IngressRoute

创建一个IngressRoute，用于配置api和dashboard的入口规则。

本次演练中，使用traefik.local.choral.io域名访问Dashboard，可根据需要替换。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: traefik-dashboard
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web
  routes:
    - match: Host(`traefik.local.choral.io`) && (PathPrefix(`/dashboard`) || PathPrefix(`/api`))
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: api@internal
          kind: TraefikService
EOF

启用BasicAuth认证

首先，创建一个用于保存用户名和密码的Secret，其中的users字段内容可使用htpassword工具生成。本次演练中，认证username和password都是admin。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: traefik-basicauth-secret
  namespace: apps-choral
data:
  users: |2 # htpasswd -nb admin admin | openssl base64
    YWRtaW46e1NIQX0wRFBpS3VOSXJyVm1EOElVQ3V3MWhReE5xWmM9Cg==
EOF

创建一个Traefik中间件，用于对请求启用BasicAuth认证。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: traefik-basicauth
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  basicAuth:
    realm: traefik.local.choral.io
    secret: traefik-basicauth-secret
EOF

更新Dashboard的IngressRoute，启用BasicAuth中间件。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: traefik-dashboard
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - web
  routes:
    - match: Host(`traefik.local.choral.io`) && (PathPrefix(`/dashboard`) || PathPrefix(`/api`))
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: api@internal
          kind: TraefikService
      middlewares:
        - name: traefik-basicauth
EOF

七层反向代理

HTTP应用示例

部署whoami应用

创建Deployment，部署whoami应用。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: whoami
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: whoami
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoami:latest
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
EOF

创建一个用于访问whoami应用的服务。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
  selector:
    app: whoami
EOF

创建一个Ingress，用于配置whoami应用的入口规则。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: apps-choral
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: web
spec:
  rules:
    - host: local.choral.io
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            pathType: Prefix
            backend:
              service:
                name: whoami
                port:
                  number: 80
EOF

启用TLS（HTTPS）

本次演练使用静态证书配置TLS，该证书被手动创建，应用于local.choral.io和*.local.choral.io域名。

有关自动证书管理，可参考Cert Manager项目文档。

更新Traefik运行参数

# ports.web.redirectTo=websecure                          启用Web跳转至WebSecure
# additionalArguments[0]=--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls Ingress默认启用TLS
helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system   --set deployment.replicas=3   --set pilot.dashboard=false   --set ports.web.redirectTo=websecure   --set additionalArguments[0]=--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls   traefik traefik/traefik

创建TLS证书Secret

从已准备好的证书key文件和crt文件创建Secret。

kubectl create secret tls local-choral-io-tls -n kube-system --key=local.choral.io.key --cert=local.choral.io.crt

更新Dashboard的IngressRoute

更新Dashboard的IngressRoute，启用TLS配置。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: traefik-dashboard
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - websecure
  routes:
    - match: Host(`traefik.local.choral.io`) && (PathPrefix(`/dashboard`) || PathPrefix(`/api`))
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: api@internal
          kind: TraefikService
      middlewares:
        - name: traefik-basicauth
  tls:
    secretName: local-choral-io-tls
EOF

更新whoami的Ingress

更新whoami的Ingress，启用TLS配置。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: apps-choral
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
spec:
  tls:
    - secretName: local-choral-io-tls
  rules:
    - host: local.choral.io
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            pathType: Prefix
            backend:
              service:
                name: whoami
                port:
                  number: 80
EOF

四层反向代理

TCP应用示例

更新Traefik运行参数

更新Traefik运行参数，创建新的EntryPoint。

# ports.whoamitcp.protocol=TCP     网络协议
# ports.whoamitcp.port=8081        监听端口
# ports.whoamitcp.exposedPort=8081 服务公开端口
# ports.whoamitcp.expose=true      是否暴露端口
helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system   --set deployment.replicas=3   --set pilot.dashboard=false   --set ports.web.redirectTo=websecure   --set additionalArguments[0]=--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls   --set ports.whoamitcp.protocol=TCP   --set ports.whoamitcp.port=8081   --set ports.whoamitcp.exposedPort=8081   --set ports.whoamitcp.expose=true   traefik traefik/traefik

部署whoamitcp应用

创建Deployment，部署whoamitcp应用。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: whoamitcp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: whoamitcp
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoamitcp
          image: traefik/whoamitcp:latest
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - protocol: TCP
              containerPort: 8080
EOF

创建一个用于访问whoamitcp应用的服务。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8080
  selector:
    app: whoamitcp
EOF

创建一个IngressRouteTCP，用于配置whoamitcp应用的入口规则。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - whoamitcp
  routes:
    - match: HostSNI(\`*\`)
      services:
        - name: whoamitcp
          port: 8080
EOF

验证反向代理和服务运行状态。

# `10.0.0.201`是`traefik`服务的负载均衡器地址（kubectl get svc traefik -n kube-system）
echo "Hello" | socat - tcp4:10.0.0.201:8081
# 终端回显如下内容
Received: Hello

UDP应用示例

更新Traefik运行参数

更新Traefik运行参数，创建新的EntryPoint。

# ports.whoamiudp.protocol=UDP     网络协议
# ports.whoamiudp.port=8082        监听端口
# ports.whoamiudp.exposedPort=8082 服务公开端口
# ports.whoamiudp.expose=true      是否暴露端口
helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system   --set deployment.replicas=3   --set pilot.dashboard=false   --set ports.web.redirectTo=websecure   --set additionalArguments[0]=--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls   --set ports.whoamitcp.protocol=TCP   --set ports.whoamitcp.port=8081   --set ports.whoamitcp.exposedPort=8081   --set ports.whoamitcp.expose=true   --set ports.whoamiudp.protocol=UDP   --set ports.whoamiudp.port=8082   --set ports.whoamiudp.exposedPort=8082   --set ports.whoamiudp.expose=true   traefik traefik/traefik

部署whoamiudp应用

创建Deployment，部署whoamiudp应用。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoamiudp
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: whoamiudp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: whoamiudp
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoamiudp
          image: traefik/whoamiudp:latest
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - protocol: UDP
              containerPort: 8080
EOF

创建一个用于访问whoamiudp应用的服务。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoamiudp
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - protocol: UDP
      port: 8080
  selector:
    app: whoamiudp
EOF

创建一个IngressRouteUDP，用于配置whoamiudp应用的入口规则。

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
  name: whoamiudp
  namespace: apps-choral
spec:
  entryPoints:
    - whoamiudp
  routes:
    - services:
        - name: whoamiudp
          port: 8080
EOF

验证反向代理和服务运行状态。

# `10.0.0.202`是`traefik-udp`服务的负载均衡器地址（kubectl get svc traefik-udp -n kube-system）
echo "Hello" | socat - udp4:10.0.0.202:8082
# 终端回显如下内容
Received: Hello

参考资料

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/tiscs/p/notes-k8s-traefik.html