Linux下RAID磁盘阵列的原理与搭建

时间:2021-06-04 11:52:36   收藏:0   阅读:30

RAID概念

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为什么要用RAID

软件 RAID 和硬件 RAID   

实现方式:

 RAID级别:

RAID 的两个关键目标是提高数据可靠性和 I/O 性能。

RAID 中主要有三个关键概念和技术:镜像( Mirroring )、数据条带( Data Stripping )和数据校验( Data parity )。

RAID 主要优势有如下几点:

RAID几种常见的类型RAID几种常见的类型

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RAID-0 (条带化)

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RAID-1 (镜像化)

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 RAID-5 (分布式奇偶校验)

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 RAID-6( 双分布式奇偶校验磁盘)

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 RAID-10 (镜像+条带)

  RAID 10是将镜像和条带进行两级组合的RAID级别,第一级是RAID1镜像对,第二级为RAID 0。

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 几个方案对比下来, RAID5是最适合的,如下图

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第一步 部署环境准备

[root@wencheng ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
 
[root@wencheng ~]# rpm -qa | grep mdadm
mdadm-4.1-6.el7.x86_64

[root@wencheng ~]# ls -l /dev | grep sd
brw-rw----. 1 root disk      8,   0 Apr 15 11:38 sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk      8,   1 Apr 15 11:38 sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk      8,   2 Apr 15 11:38 sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk      8,   3 Apr 15 11:38 sda3

VMware Workstation添加硬盘

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 第二步 创建RAID分区

[root@wencheng ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb     //创建/dev/sdb分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x50157e3b.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag           //设置可引导标记
   b   edit bsd disklabel             //编辑 bsd 磁盘标签
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag    //设置 DOS 操作系统兼容标记
   d   delete a partition             //删除一个分区
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table //创建一个新的空GPT分区表
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table  //创建一个IRIX (SGI)分区表
   l   list known partition types        //显示已知的文件系统类型。82 为 Linux swap 分区,83 为 Linux 分区
   m   print this menu              //显示帮助菜单
   n   add a new partition            //新建分区
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table //建立空白 DOS 分区表
   p   print the partition table         //显示分区列表
   q   quit without saving changes       //不保存退出
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel    //新建空白 SUN 磁盘标签
   t   change a partition‘s system id     //改变一个分区的系统 ID
   u   change display/entry units       //改变显示记录单位
   v   verify the partition table       //验证分区表
   w   write table to disk and exit      //保存退出
   x   extra functionality (experts only)   //附加功能(仅专家)

Command (m for help): n    //新建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p    //这里选主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):     //回车(默认大小)
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):   //回车(默认整块硬盘大小);可指定但小于硬盘容量
Using default value 20971519
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p    //显示分区列表

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x50157e3b

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20971519    10484736   83  Linux      //分区的状态

Command (m for help): L    //列出所有可用的类型

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix      

Command (m for help): t    //改变一个分区的系统 ID
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd  //Linux raid auto  
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux raid autodetect‘

Command (m for help): p    //显示分区列表

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x50157e3b

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20971519    10484736   fd  Linux raid autodetect    //分区状态

Command (m for help): w    //保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# fdisk -l | grep raid
/dev/sdb1            2048    20971519    10484736   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdc1            2048    20971519    10484736   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdd1            2048    20971519    10484736   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sde1            2048    20971519    10484736   fd  Linux raid autodetect

 : 请使用上述步骤同样在 sd[c-m] 驱动器上创建分区,不再累赘。

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第三步 现在使用以下命令创建 md 设备(即 /dev/md0),并选择 RAID级别。

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RAID-0

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[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]     //或mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]
/dev/sdb:
   MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :     20969472 sectors at         2048 (type fd)
/dev/sdc:
   MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :     20969472 sectors at         2048 (type fd)

[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]1    //mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]1
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdb1.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdc1.

[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md0 -l raid0 -n 2 /dev/sd[b-c]1    //这里是raid0为例
mdadm: Fail to create md0 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array, fallback to creation via node
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid0] 
md0 : active raid0 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
      20951040 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
      
unused devices: <none>
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -Ds    //或mdadm --detail /dev/md0 或 mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]1
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=wencheng:0 UUID=17542cfe:0b0649c8:43eecd07:cc58228b
[root@wencheng ~]# 
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 
/dev/md0:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Thu Apr 15 14:37:47 2021
        Raid Level : raid0
        Array Size : 20951040 (19.98 GiB 21.45 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Thu Apr 15 14:37:47 2021
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

        Chunk Size : 512K    //chunk是raid中最小的存储单位

Consistency Policy : none

              Name : wencheng:0  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : 17542cfe:0b0649c8:43eecd07:cc58228b
            Events : 0

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -E -s -v > /etc/mdadm.conf 
[root@wencheng ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md/0  level=raid0 metadata=1.2 num-devices=2 UUID=17542cfe:0b0649c8:43eecd07:cc58228b name=wencheng:0
   devices=/dev/sdc1,/dev/sdb1
或
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -Ds
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=wencheng:0 UUID=17542cfe:0b0649c8:43eecd07:cc58228b
[root@wencheng ~]# 
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@wencheng ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md0 
meta-data=/dev/md0               isize=512    agcount=16, agsize=327296 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5236736, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=128    swidth=256 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

[root@wencheng ~]# mkdir /mnt/raid0    //创建挂载点
[root@wencheng ~]# 
[root@wencheng ~]# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0/
[root@wencheng ~]# df -Th /mnt/raid0/
Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md0       xfs    20G   33M   20G   1% /mnt/raid0

验证/mnt/raid0/是否能正常使用
[root@wencheng ~]# ls -l /mnt/raid0/
total 0
[root@wencheng ~]# echo 123 > /mnt/raid0/a
[root@wencheng ~]# echo 456 > /mnt/raid0/b
[root@wencheng ~]# 
[root@wencheng ~]# ls -l /mnt/raid0/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4 Apr 15 15:39 a
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4 Apr 15 15:40 b
[root@wencheng ~]# 
[root@wencheng ~]# rm /mnt/raid0/b -f
[root@wencheng ~]# 
[root@wencheng ~]# ls -l /mnt/raid0/
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4 Apr 15 15:39 a

添加开机自动挂载 [root@wencheng ~]# blkid /dev/md0 /dev/md0: UUID="2d2c0f39-3605-4634-bfb1-c8b151936057" TYPE="xfs"
[root@wencheng ~]# echo "UUID=2d2c0f39-3605-4634-bfb1-c8b151936057 /mnt/raid0 xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@wencheng ~]# cat /etc/fstab | grep /mnt/raid0 UUID=2d2c0f39-3605-4634-bfb1-c8b151936057 /mnt/raid0 xfs defaults 0 0 [root@wencheng ~]# mount -av    //检查 fstab 的条目是否有误 / : ignored /boot : already mounted swap : ignored /mnt/raid0 : already mounted

  :以上步骤创建各RAID级别类似,不再赘述。

RAID1

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[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md1 -l raid1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/sd[d-f]1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to
    store ‘/boot‘ on this device please ensure that
    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
    --metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? (y/n) y
mdadm: Fail to create md1 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array, fallback to creation via node
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Apr 16 17:33:12 2021
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Fri Apr 16 17:34:04 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 3
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : wencheng:1  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : a88125e0:2c4b9029:cfaa3acf:67941e04
            Events : 17

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       49        0      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       1       8       65        1      active sync   /dev/sde1

       2       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -Dsv /dev/md1 > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@wencheng ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=wencheng:1 UUID=a88125e0:2c4b9029:cfaa3acf:67941e04
   devices=/dev/sdd1,/dev/sde1,/dev/sdf1
[root@wencheng ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md1
meta-data=/dev/md1               isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=654720 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2618880, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# mkdir /mnt/raid1
[root@wencheng ~]# mount /dev/md1 /mnt/raid1  
[root@wencheng ~]# df -Th /mnt/raid1
Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md1       xfs    10G   33M   10G   1% /mnt/raid1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sde1    //模拟测试文件损坏
mdadm: set /dev/sde1 faulty in /dev/md1
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Apr 16 17:33:12 2021
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Apr 19 09:26:02 2021
             State : clean, degraded, recovering
    Active Devices : 1
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 1
     Spare Devices : 1

Consistency Policy : resync

    Rebuild Status : 7% complete

              Name : wencheng:1  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : a88125e0:2c4b9029:cfaa3acf:67941e04
            Events : 23

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       49        0      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       2       8       81        1      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdf1    //热备盘已经在同步数据

       1       8       65        -      faulty   /dev/sde1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       49        0      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       2       8       81        1      active sync   /dev/sdf1    //数据同步完成

       1       8       65        -      faulty   /dev/sde1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -Dsv > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=1.2 name=wencheng:1 UUID=a88125e0:2c4b9029:cfaa3acf:67941e04
   devices=/dev/sdd1,/dev/sde1,/dev/sdf1
[root@wencheng ~]# ls -l /mnt/raid1/
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 846 Apr 19 09:24 passwd
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md1 /dev/sde1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sde1 from /dev/md1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Apr 16 17:33:12 2021
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Apr 19 09:34:50 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : wencheng:1  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : a88125e0:2c4b9029:cfaa3acf:67941e04
            Events : 44

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       49        0      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       2       8       81        1      active sync   /dev/sdf1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md1 /dev/sde
mdadm: added /dev/sde
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Apr 16 17:33:12 2021
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Apr 19 09:37:30 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 3
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : wencheng:1  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : a88125e0:2c4b9029:cfaa3acf:67941e04
            Events : 45

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       49        0      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       2       8       81        1      active sync   /dev/sdf1

       3       8       64        -      spare   /dev/sde

RAID5

(1)创建RAID5, 添加1个热备盘,指定chunk大小为32K(默认512K)
  -x或--spare-devicds=    指定阵列中备用盘的数量
  -c或--chunk=    设定阵列的块chunk块大小 ,单位为KB
(2)停止阵列,重新激活阵列
(3)使用热备盘,扩展阵列容量,从3个磁盘扩展到4个

技术分享图片

[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 -x 1 /dev/sd{g,h,i,j}1
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 10475520K
mdadm: Fail to create md5 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array, fallback to creation via node
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Mon Apr 19 10:03:42 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 20951040 (19.98 GiB 21.45 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Apr 19 10:04:34 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 4
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1

            Layout : left-symmetric
 Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync    //数据同步完成

              Name : wencheng:5  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : 816190d1:6b78e305:49220ba0:6178499b
            Events : 18

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       97        0      active sync   /dev/sdg1
       1       8      113        1      active sync   /dev/sdh1
       4       8      129        2      active sync   /dev/sdi1

       3       8      145        -      spare   /dev/sdj1    //热备盘
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -Dsv > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@wencheng ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md5 level=raid5 num-devices=3 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=wencheng:5 UUID=816190d1:6b78e305:49220ba0:6178499b
   devices=/dev/sdg1,/dev/sdh1,/dev/sdi1,/dev/sdj1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md5
mdadm: stopped /dev/md

[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -AS /dev/md5
mdadm: Fail to create md5 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array, fallback to creation via node
mdadm: /dev/md5 has been started with 3 drives and 1 spare.
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -G /dev/md5 -n 4    //-G或--grow	改变阵列大小或形态
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Mon Apr 19 10:03:42 2021
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 31426560 (29.97 GiB 32.18 GB)    //对比初始空间已增大
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 4
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Apr 19 10:27:43 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 4
   Working Devices : 4
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : wencheng:5  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : 816190d1:6b78e305:49220ba0:6178499b
            Events : 47

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       97        0      active sync   /dev/sdg1
       1       8      113        1      active sync   /dev/sdh1
       4       8      129        2      active sync   /dev/sdi1
       3       8      145        3      active sync   /dev/sdj1
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -Dsv > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@wencheng ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md5 level=raid5 num-devices=4 metadata=1.2 name=wencheng:5 UUID=816190d1:6b78e305:49220ba0:6178499b
   devices=/dev/sdg1,/dev/sdh1,/dev/sdi1,/dev/sdj1

 RAID10

[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md10 -l 10 -n 4 /dev/sd[k,l,n,m]1
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 10475520K
mdadm: Fail to create md10 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array, fallback to creation via node
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started.
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md10
/dev/md10:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Mon Apr 19 10:54:33 2021
        Raid Level : raid10
        Array Size : 20951040 (19.98 GiB 21.45 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 4
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Apr 19 10:56:18 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 4
   Working Devices : 4
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : near=2
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : wencheng:10  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : 98ee3164:bc417c61:3e8b29d6:24470192
            Events : 17

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8      161        0      active sync set-A   /dev/sdk1
       1       8      177        1      active sync set-B   /dev/sdl1
       2       8      193        2      active sync set-A   /dev/sdm1
       3       8      209        3      active sync set-B   /dev/sdn1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -Dsv /dev/md10 > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md10 level=raid10 num-devices=4 metadata=1.2 name=wencheng:10 UUID=98ee3164:bc417c61:3e8b29d6:24470192
   devices=/dev/sdk1,/dev/sdl1,/dev/sdm1,/dev/sdn1

删除RAID所有信息及注意事项

[root@wencheng ~]# df -Th | grep raid1
/dev/md1       xfs        10G   33M   10G   1% /mnt/raid1
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# umount /dev/md1 /mnt/raid1
umount: /mnt/raid1: not mounted
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2      xfs        30G  1.3G   29G   5% /
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  981M     0  981M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     992M     0  992M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     992M  9.6M  982M   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     992M     0  992M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      xfs       297M  107M  191M  36% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Apr 16 17:33:12 2021
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Mon Apr 19 11:03:51 2021
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 3
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : wencheng:1  (local to host wencheng)
              UUID : a88125e0:2c4b9029:cfaa3acf:67941e04
            Events : 45

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       49        0      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       2       8       81        1      active sync   /dev/sdf1

       3       8       64        -      spare   /dev/sde
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md1
mdadm: stopped /dev/md1
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md1: No such file or directory
[root@wencheng ~]#
[root@wencheng ~]# rm  /etc/mdadm.conf -f
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd1
[root@wencheng ~]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdf1
参数:--zero-superblock :  erase the MD superblock from a device.   #擦除设备中的MD超级块

 

原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangwencheng/p/14659141.html

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