dsn看懂精神第三节课大梅沙
(《论语·八佾》)此后,人们评《关雎》,皆“折中于夫子”(《史记·孔子世家》)。但《关雎》究竟如何呢?
这首诗原是三章:一章四句,二章八句,三章八句。郑玄从文义上将后二章又各分为两章,共五
章,每章四句。现在用郑玄的分法。第一章雎鸠和鸣于河之洲上,其兴淑女配偶不乱,是君子的好
匹配。这一章的佳处,在于舒缓平正之音,并以音调领起全篇,形成全诗的基调。以“窈窕淑女,君
子好逑”统摄全诗。第二章的“参差荇菜”承“关关雎鸠”而来,也是以洲上生长之物即景生情。“流”,
《毛传》训为“求”,不确。因为下文“寤寐求之”已有“求”字,此处不当再有“求”义,应作流动讲。
这是以荇菜流动从而比喻淑女的难求。“求”字是全篇的中心,通首诗都在表现男子对女子的追求过程,即从深
切的思慕到实现结婚的愿望。第三章抒发求之而不得的忧思。这是一篇的关键,最能体现全诗精神。姚际恒《诗
经通论》评云:“前后四章,章四句,辞义悉协。今夹此四句于‘寤寐求之’之下,‘友之’、‘乐之’二章之
上,承上递下,通篇精神全在此处。盖必著此四句,方使下‘友’、‘乐’二义快足满意。若无此,则上之云‘求
’,下之云‘友’、‘乐’,气势弱而不振矣。此古人文章争扼要法,其调亦迫促,与前后平缓之音别。”姚氏对本
章在全诗中的重要性分析最为精当。应当补充者,此章不但以繁弦促管振文气,而且写出了生动逼真的形象,即王士祯
《渔洋诗话》所谓“《诗》三百篇真如画工之肖物”。林义光《诗经通解》说:“寐始觉而辗转反侧,则身犹在床。”这种
对思念情人的心思的描写,可谓“哀而不伤”者也。第四、五章写求而得之的喜悦。“琴瑟友之”、“钟鼓乐之”,都是既得之
后的情景。曰“友”,曰“乐”,用字自有轻重、深浅不同。极写快兴满意而又不涉于侈靡,所谓“乐而不淫”。通篇诗是写一
个男子对女子的思念和追求过程,写求之而不得的焦虑和求而得之的喜悦
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原文:https://blog.51cto.com/14829223/2499761